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CNS Story:
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CARDINALS-ORDERS Apr-14-2005 (380 words) xxxi
Key 'papabili' from the Americas come from religious orders
By Carol Glatz
Catholic News Service
VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- Five cardinals from the Americas whose names are on some people's lips as possible "papabili," or potential popes, all come from religious orders.
Cardinal Claudio Hummes of Sao Paolo, Brazil, is a Franciscan; Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, is a Salesian; Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is a Jesuit; Cardinal Francisco Errazuriz Ossa of Santiago, Chile, is a member of the Schonstatt Fathers; and Cardinal Marc Ouellet of Quebec is a Sulpician.
Twenty-two of the 117 cardinal-electors come from religious orders; the Franciscans have four members, followed by the Jesuits and Salesians with three each.
The Franciscans have had two of their members become pope: Nicholas IV in 1288 and Sixtus IV in 1471.
In the past, cardinals refused to consider electing a Jesuit as pope because the Society of Jesus "was too cohesive a body, too organized" and that would somehow translate into the religious order "taking control of the church," a Jesuit expert in Rome told Catholic News Service.
But today, electing a Jesuit pope "is more a matter of (the candidate) having the right experience and skill," said the Jesuit, who asked that his name not be used.
Cardinal-electors who come from religious orders often are not obligated to follow the rules of their community, such as the vow of poverty. When a Franciscan, for example, becomes a bishop or cardinal, the vow of absolute poverty becomes a personal choice, not an obligation.
Jesuit cardinal-electors have no juridical ties to the Society of Jesus. Before a member is made a bishop, a Jesuit must receive a papal dispensation of the vow of obedience to the father-general.
Franciscans who are named bishops "enter into a whole different status. How much they follow their order's rules depends on the person," said a Franciscan official in Rome.
While Pope Nicholas helped the Franciscan order during his papacy, a modern Franciscan pontiff "would still be a father for all his flock and would take care of the whole church," the official said.
"Certainly there may be some special consideration -- Pope John Paul (II) certainly showed a special concern for Poland -- but a Franciscan pope wouldn't play favorites," the Franciscan said.
END
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